Tenofovir DF Renal Dose Adjustment by Creatinine Clearance
Antivirals · renal dosing
Tenofovir DF renal dosing by creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault): the dose-adjustment rule, the key caution, and how to estimate kidney function before prescribing.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Rishi Kumar Kafle, MBBS, MD, FASN. Last reviewed October 2026.
Tenofovir DF is dosed by creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault): <50 -> extend interval; avoid <15 (no HD).
Reviewed and approved by Dr. Rishi Kumar Kafle, MBBS, MD, FASN. Always confirm against the label.
Renal dosing at a glance
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Renal estimate used | creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault) |
| Dose adjustment | <50 -> extend interval; avoid <15 (no HD) |
| Key caution | nephrotoxicity |
| Drug class | Antivirals |
How Tenofovir DF Is Dosed by Creatinine Clearance
Tenofovir DF is cleared, wholly or partly, by the kidneys. As filtration falls, the drug or its active metabolites clear more slowly and can accumulate, which raises the risk of nephrotoxicity. The renal dose-adjustment rule for Tenofovir DF is therefore based on creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault). The summary above is reference-level; the linked FDA label is the authority for the exact numbers.
The Creatinine Clearance Dose-Band Framework
Most renally cleared drugs are adjusted across four broad creatinine clearance bands: above 50, 30-50, 15-30, and below 15 mL/min. Lowering the dose or lengthening the interval as clearance falls is the usual response. Tenofovir DF's own cutoff (above) takes precedence over this general framework when the two differ, because each label sets its renal guidance from that drug's pharmacokinetics and therapeutic window.
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | Typical adjustment |
|---|---|
| > 50 | usually standard dosing |
| 30-50 | reduce dose or extend interval for many agents |
| 15-30 | further reduction; some drugs avoided |
| < 15 (or dialysis) | lowest dosing or an alternative agent; dialysis timing may matter |
Why Tenofovir DF Accumulates as Kidney Function Falls
The kidneys normally remove Tenofovir DF (or its active metabolites) at a rate that tracks glomerular filtration. As filtration falls, that removal slows, the drug's effective half-life lengthens, and each dose stays in the body longer before the next is given. Without adjustment, successive doses stack up and the steady-state concentration climbs into the range linked to nephrotoxicity. Lowering the dose or lengthening the interval brings the average concentration back to a safe level and keeps the therapeutic effect. The cutoff is expressed in creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault) rather than serum creatinine alone, because the same creatinine maps to very different clearances depending on age, sex, and body size.
Severe Impairment and Dialysis
At a creatinine clearance below 15 mL/min, or on dialysis, dosing for Tenofovir DF usually moves to the lowest end of the range or to an alternative agent, and the timing of doses around a dialysis session can matter when the drug is dialysable. Decisions at this level of kidney function are best made with pharmacy or nephrology input and the patient's measured response, not an estimate alone. See when dialysis is started for context.
How to Calculate CrCl for Tenofovir DF
Estimate the patient's renal function first, then apply the threshold above. Use the creatinine clearance calculator (Cockcroft-Gault) with the right dosing weight: actual body weight when it is below ideal body weight, ideal body weight up to 130% of ideal, and adjusted body weight above 130% of ideal, as in obesity. A protocol or label that states its own weight rule takes priority. For example, a 70-year-old, 70 kg patient with a serum creatinine of 1.4 mg/dL has a Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance near 50 mL/min, close to the band where many drugs in this class need adjustment.
Monitoring and Re-Estimating
The key caution for Tenofovir DF is nephrotoxicity. Acute illness, dehydration, contrast, and other nephrotoxic drugs can lower kidney function within days, so re-estimate creatinine clearance whenever the clinical picture changes rather than relying on an old value. A creatinine that is still rising or falling has not reached steady state, and any estimate from it, including for Tenofovir DF, is provisional until the value stabilises.
Re-check renal function and reconsider the Tenofovir DF dose when any of the following appear, since each can signal falling clearance or early accumulation:
- a rising serum creatinine or a falling urine output;
- a new or worsened symptom consistent with nephrotoxicity;
- a new nephrotoxic drug, contrast exposure, dehydration, or acute illness;
- a measured drug level outside its target range, where monitoring applies.
Special Populations
- Older adults: low muscle mass keeps serum creatinine deceptively normal, so clearance, and the safe Tenofovir DF dose, can be lower than the lab value suggests.
- Obesity: total body weight overestimates clearance, so above 130% of ideal body weight the Cockcroft-Gault equation uses adjusted body weight instead.
- Acute kidney injury: a non-steady-state creatinine makes any estimate unreliable; dose conservatively and recheck.
Related Renal Dosing Rules
Neighbouring drugs in the antivirals class, with the rule each label sets:
- Acyclovir renal dosing (by CrCl): <25 reduce; <10 -> 200 mg q12h
- Famciclovir renal dosing (by CrCl): <60 -> reduce
- Ganciclovir renal dosing (by CrCl): <70 -> adjust
- Oseltamivir renal dosing (by CrCl): <60 -> reduce
- Valacyclovir renal dosing (by CrCl): <50 -> q12-24h; <10 -> 500 mg q24h
- Valganciclovir renal dosing (by CrCl): <60 -> reduce; <10 avoid tablets
Compare all 8 agents side by side in the antivirals renal dosing chart, or see related classes: antifungals (other anti-infectives with CrCl cutoffs and marrow-toxicity cautions).